{"id":79611,"date":"2020-01-08T05:54:16","date_gmt":"2020-01-08T10:54:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/huntsville.dopperonline.ca\/?p=79611"},"modified":"2020-01-08T11:06:35","modified_gmt":"2020-01-08T16:06:35","slug":"a-partial-summary-of-the-complex-and-turbulent-history-of-iran-commentary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/doppleronline.ca\/huntsville\/a-partial-summary-of-the-complex-and-turbulent-history-of-iran-commentary\/","title":{"rendered":"A partial summary of the complex and turbulent history of Iran | Commentary"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Iran lies at the centre of the area known as the Middle East and has been at the crossroads linking Africa, Asia, and Europe since the beginning of recorded history.<\/p>\n<div style=\"float: left; margin-right: 14px;\"><strong><broadstreet-zone zone-id=\"45658\" keywords=\"\" soft-keywords=\"true\" zone-alias=\"\"><\/broadstreet-zone><\/strong><\/div>\n<p>\u2022 In 7000 BC, the area was home to half of the world\u2019s population, a mix of Arabs and Caucasians.<br \/>\n\u2022 Being at the crossroads, the area experienced continuous invasion by Macedonians, Arabs, Turks, Mongols, Europeans, Russians, and now the USA, seeking to control politics, religion and resources.<br \/>\n\u2022 633-651 \u2013 Muslim conquest of Iran. Majority accepted Sunni Islam but Persians remained Persians.<br \/>\n\u2022 Mongols dominated from 1219-1370 and Shia Muslims ruled Iran from 1378-1501.<br \/>\n\u2022 1501 \u2013 Iran reunified as an independent state ruled by often foreign-backed Shah monarchies.<br \/>\n\u2022 1804-1828 Russo-Persian Wars &#8211; Iran was caught between two imperial powers, Britain and Russia.<br \/>\n\u2022 1900 &#8211; Oil became a critical resource with 55 per cent of proven reserves residing in the Middle East. Four of the six largest reserves are in the Middle East (Saudi Arabia has 297 billion barrels, Iran has 211, Iraq has 142, Kuwait 103), Venezuela has 301 billion barrels, and Canada has 170.<br \/>\n\u2022 1901 to 1952 &#8211; Anglo-Iranian Oil company (BP) enjoyed a monopoly on Iranian oil.<br \/>\n\u2022 1921 \u2013 Persian Coup established a constitutional monarchy, the Pahlavi dynasty. Replaced Islamic law with western law \u2013 women resisted a ban on traditional hijab in public.<br \/>\n\u2022 1952 \u2013 Iran nationalized the oil company \u2013 Britain sent war ships and imposed a crushing embargo.<br \/>\n\u2022 Churchill planned a coup \u2013 Truman (D) sympathized with nationalists vs imperialists. UK left Iran.<br \/>\n\u2022 1953 \u2013 Eisenhower (R) changed US policy and sided with Britain. MI6 and CIA organized a coup to depose Iran\u2019s only democratically elected government. Like us, Iranians were upset about outsiders seeking to change their religion and culture.<br \/>\n\u2022 1973 \u2013 OPEC proclaimed the Arab oil embargo targeting nations supporting Israel vs Palestine. Created oil shortages for western countries and an oil revenue windfall for OPEC and Iran.<br \/>\n\u2022 1977 &#8211; Shah Reza Pahlavi viewed as a pro-western puppet of USA \u2013 oppressive, brutal, corrupt. Ayatollah Khomeini opposed the Shah and was exiled for 15 years.<br \/>\n\u2022 US President Carter (D) enacted human rights policy in which countries guilty of human rights would be deprived of US arms and aid. Gave Iranian population courage to oppose their repressive regime.<br \/>\n\u2022 1977-1979 Demonstrations and strikes \u2013 52 American embassy employees held for 444 days.<br \/>\n\u2022 1979 \u2013 Shah left for exile, Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back and formed a Shia theocracy. Khomeini was considered less of a threat than Russian Marxism.<br \/>\n\u2022 1980 &#8211; Saddam Hussein\u2019s Sunni forces attacked Shiite Iran. Ended in stalemate in 1988.<br \/>\n\u2022 1983 \u2013 Iran proxies bombed US embassy in Beirut, killing 241 US servicemen.<br \/>\n\u2022 1990 \u2013 1991 US launched Operation Desert Storm after Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait.<\/p>\n<div style=\"float: left; margin-right: 14px;\"><strong><broadstreet-zone zone-id=\"45658\" keywords=\"\" soft-keywords=\"true\" zone-alias=\"\"><\/broadstreet-zone><\/strong><\/div>\n<p>\u2022 2003 to 2011 \u2013 US launched a second and unjustified attacked on Iraq. Iran sided with Iraqi Shiites and was complicit in the killing of US troops by Shiite militia.<br \/>\n\u2022 2013 \u2013 US CIA finally acknowledged the 1953 coup in Iran was carried out under CIA direction.<br \/>\n\u2022 2013 \u2013 Iranian population elected a moderate president (Rouhani), theocracy remained supreme<br \/>\n\u2022 2015 \u2013 Obama (D) wrote Iran Nuclear Agreement with USA, UK, Russia, France, China, Germany, EU. After 62 years, an opportunity to resolve Iran\u2019s grievances against UK and US aggression. Iran\u2019s moderates in government and the general population were finally and fully engaged.<br \/>\n\u2022 I have known and worked with several Iranians. They are no different than us. Iran was always a cradle of science contributing to medicine, mathematics, astronomy and philosophy. But those living in that troubled part of the world have endured centuries of brutal treatment from corrupt regimes, most often as a result of foreign interventions. Hopefully they will soon get a break.<br \/>\n\u2022 Today, Iran\u2019s population is same as Germany (83 million) and is second in the Middle East to Egypt\u2019s 101 million.<br \/>\n\u2022 But, in spite of having the world\u2019s third largest oil reserves, Iran\u2019s GDP per capita at $20,000 is barely above the world average of $18,000 per capita and is now decreasing due to sanctions.<br \/>\n\u2022 2016 \u2013 Enter Donald Trump with his extreme ego, ignorance of history, legendary bullying nature. To get elected, Trump campaigned against every Obama initiative including Iran nuclear deal.<br \/>\n\u2022 2018 \u2013 Trump (R) withdrew from the Iran Nuclear Agreement and imposed crippling sanctions. No evidence that Iran violated the nuclear agreement. No other country withdrew. Sanctions undermined the moderates, provoked the hardliners, and wasted the opportunity. (After WW1, crippling sanctions by UK and France led to Hitler\u2019s agitation starting WW2.)<br \/>\n\u2022 2019 \u2013 Iran retaliated to sanctions with attacks on US and UK ships and US embassy in Baghdad, Iraq.<br \/>\n\u2022 2020 &#8211; Trump (R) ordered the killing of Iran\u2019s top military leader \u2013 Iran vows retaliation.<br \/>\n\u2022 After vowing to withdraw from the Middle East, Trump sends 3,500 troops back to the Middle East.<br \/>\n\u2022 Trump claims his decisions to end the nuclear agreement and to assassinate the Iranian general were to prevent more planned attacks on US assets and citizens. That is Trump\u2019s typical short-sighted and self-serving view that ignores the fact of 60 years of US provocation. Trump\u2019s impulsive, uninformed, foolish and self-serving decisions will haunt the USA for another 60 years.<\/p>\n<p>Before 1800, the world had less than one billion people and it took weeks for communications and people to move between continents. Bull-headed selfish strongmen were often successful leaders in those conditions. But those conditions no longer exist.<\/p>\n<p>In today\u2019s world, fast approaching eight billion people, all with instant communications and the ability to fly from Beijing to Chicago in half a day, what is needed are leaders with a strong sense of fairness who can listen, reconcile, compromise, and work together for the good of all mankind.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Hugh Holland is a retired engineering and manufacturing executive now living in Huntsville, Ontario.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">Don\u2019t miss out on Doppler!<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Sign up <a href=\"https:\/\/doppleronline.ca\/huntsville\/dont-miss-out-on-doppler\/\"><u>here<\/u><\/a> to receive our email digest with links to our most recent stories.<br \/>\nLocal news in your inbox three times per week!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><broadstreet-zone zone-id=\"45657\" keywords=\"\" soft-keywords=\"true\" zone-alias=\"\"><\/broadstreet-zone>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Iran lies at the centre of the area known as the Middle East and has been at the crossroads linking Africa, Asia, and Europe since the beginning of recorded [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":79615,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[26],"class_list":["post-79611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commentary","tag-breaking"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - 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