{"id":72072,"date":"2019-07-27T11:10:22","date_gmt":"2019-07-27T15:10:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/huntsville.dopperonline.ca\/?p=72072"},"modified":"2021-01-29T08:05:38","modified_gmt":"2021-01-29T13:05:38","slug":"addressing-climate-change-emissions-from-oil-and-gas-production-hugh-holland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/doppleronline.ca\/huntsville\/addressing-climate-change-emissions-from-oil-and-gas-production-hugh-holland\/","title":{"rendered":"Addressing climate change: Emissions from oil and gas production ~ Hugh Holland"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/strong><\/p>\n

The following data from the International Energy Agency\u2019s Global Outlook 2018 shows that to reach a sustainable future, the global energy supply must shift from 80 per cent fossil fuels to 80 per cent clean energy. As most transportation is electrified, global demand for oil will gradually decrease from 100 million barrels per day to 71 in 2040 and 40 in 2080. The shift has started and will accelerate rapidly.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The life of a country\u2019s \u201cproven\u201d<\/em> oil and gas reserves is calculated by dividing the amount of proven reserves by the amount produced per year. At current production rates, \u201cproven\u201d<\/em><\/strong> global reserves of oil and gas will last about 50 years. But they will be needed longer for the most difficult applications.<\/p>\n

\u201cProven\u201d is defined as having at least 90 per cent probability of being technically and economically accessible, based on established geological and engineering analysis. There are additional reserves in the 50 per cent to 90 per cent range of probability that \u201cmight\u201d<\/em><\/strong> extend the life of finite global oil reserves by another 10 years.<\/p>\n

<\/broadstreet-zone><\/strong><\/div>\n

With only 0.4per cent of the world\u2019s population, Canada is #3 of 15 major oil-producing countries with 10 per cent of the world\u2019s proven <\/em><\/strong>reserves. Canada is #17 of 25 major natural gas-producing countries with 5 per cent of the world\u2019s reserves. As smaller reserves of oil are depleted, Canada will be one of only 10 oil-producing countries by 2040, and one of only six by 2080 (Venezuela, Libya, Canada, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia). The Middle East has been embroiled in almost continuous turmoil with over 40 major conflicts since 1800. The Middle East Oil Embargo of 1973 caused a global energy and economic crisis. Canada\u2019s oil will be critical to minimizing the possibility of an energy shortage on top of a climate crisis.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

The chart below shows the emissions coming from Canada\u2019s oil and gas sector that have grown since 2010 and now contribute 27 per cent of Canada\u2019s total emissions. Since the 1970s, producers dramatically reduced the emissions per unit produced, but production has increased. It must be noted that 78 per cent of our oil production is exported to the US, and that the producing\/exporting country must count the emissions from production, while the importing country gets a free pass on emissions from production.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

However, Canada can achieve our 2030 emissions goal while supplying needed energy to the world by making significant reductions in all parts of the sector.<\/p>\n

<\/broadstreet-zone><\/strong><\/div>\n

Emissions from natural gas production<\/em><\/strong> are mainly \u201cfugitive\u201d emissions escaping at wellheads and pipeline pumping stations. Natural gas emissions are 50 per cent methane that stays in the atmosphere 20 times longer than CO2. It should be achievable and profitable to reduce fugitive emission leaks by 40 per cent. <\/span>However, Canada can achieve our 2030 emissions goal while supplying needed energy to the world by making significant reductions in all parts of the sector.<\/p>\n

Emissions from conventional oil<\/em><\/strong> come mainly from burning natural gas to provide heat at refineries. 66 per cent of Canada\u2019s 1,907,600 barrel per day refinery capacity resides in four locations (Edmonton, St John, Sarnia and Levis). Installing Small Modular Nuclear Reactors (SMRs) to co-generate clean electricity and heat at those four locations could reduce refinery emissions by 60 per cent and would increase profits.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The surface mining of oil sands<\/em><\/strong> gets all the media attention but only 7 per cent of the oil sands are shallow enough to be mined from the surface. The remaining 93 per cent must be extracted in-situ (in place) by injecting steam to melt the bitumen, with minimal impact on surface areas. Emissions from<\/em><\/strong> oil sands extraction<\/em><\/strong> come from burning natural gas to provide steam to melt the bitumen for both surface mining and in-situ extraction. Although oil sands extraction operations are scattered, installing an SMR at two or three of the biggest production sites could provide needed clean saleable electricity to the area and emission-free heat that could reduce the cost and emissions from burning natural gas by 50 per cent or more.<\/p>\n

Large-scale nuclear reactors are ideal for producing reliable base-load electricity, but emerging Small Modular Reactors will be much better suited for supplying both power and heat across a broad spectrum of industrial applications. Since SMRs are about 10 years away from commercialization, several other technologies are now helping to reduce oil and gas emissions. Some locations are using solvents to make bitumen pumpable without burning natural gas to make steam. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) can avoid releasing emissions to the atmosphere in locations where depleted oil and gas wells are close by.<\/p>\n

But SMRs will provide the optimum solution and some producers are already working with Terrestrial Energy of Oakville Ontario to develop specific oil sands applications (see references below). With SMRs, the world\u2019s third largest proven<\/em><\/strong> reserves of oil can be cleaner, safer and more secure than deep shale deposits, ever-deeper offshore and Arctic Ocean deposits, and deposits in perpetually unstable regions with little or no environmental regulation.<\/p>\n

Canada\u2019s abundant oil and gas reserves have been a mixed blessing. They have been an important source of our energy and prosperity but, have also become a source of international criticism. In this series of four articles, I have tried to share some information, without getting too technical, that shows that Canada can indeed achieve our greenhouse gas emissions target for 2030. It is clearly possible. Will it happen? Will Canada be a leader in the battle to mitigate climate change? Building public understanding to muster political will is the key factor.<\/p>\n

I want to thank Doppler readers for their many questions and comments. They have all helped to make this a more meaningful exercise.<\/p>\n

This is the last of a four-part series focusing on SOLUTIONS that Canada could adopt to reduce emissions that contribute to climate change.
\nRead the series here ~
\nPart 1, Addressing climate change: Emissions from transportation<\/a>
\n<\/span>Part 2, Addressing climate change: Emissions from electricity and buildings,<\/a>
\n<\/span>Part 3, Addressing climate change: Industry, agriculture, construction, waste ~ Hugh Holland<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Hugh Holland is a retired engineering and manufacturing executive now living in Huntsville, Ontario.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Don\u2019t miss out on Doppler! Sign up for our free newsletter <\/strong>here<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/broadstreet-zone><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Some References about Small Modular Nuclear Reactors<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oakville\u2019s Terrestrial Energy developing small modular molten salt reactor \u2013 July 2018
\n<\/strong>https:\/\/www.terrestrialenergy.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Terrestrial Energy USA to make hydrogen
\n<\/strong>https:\/\/mailchi.mp\/34c269ba7012\/terrestrial-energy-usa-partners-with-leading-energy-company-national-labs-to-produce-economical-clean-hydrogen-with-generation-iv-nuclear-energy?e=f89c527c2b<\/a><\/p>\n

Terrestrial Energy material testing news
\n<\/strong>https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/0\/#inbox\/FMfcgxwBVWPFNmqSnpWtXJnCVbnlDbjz<\/a><\/p>\n

Terrestrial Energy forms work group in Canadian Energy Industry
\n<\/strong>https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/0\/#inbox\/FMfcgxwBVgmpVTvpMGLWxFThRfRFTsvd<\/a><\/p>\n

TE AIMS FOR FIRST COMMERCIAL REACTOR IN 2020s \u2013 Global energy market is $5 trillion per year
\n<\/strong>TARGET APPLICATIONS – Oil extraction and refining (oil sands and shale), Hydrogen production, Water desalination
\nhttps:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/rodadams\/2017\/04\/05\/terrestrial-energy-describes-progress-towards-commercializing-advanced-small-modular-reactor\/#51405fcb6cd4<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/strong>Terrestrial advances to next stage at CNL site \u2013 Feb 19, 2019
\n<\/strong>https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/0\/#inbox\/FMfcgxwBVgvrhkgPhmXDJKRxnmzlXTMW<\/a><\/p>\n

Terrestrial Energy to build at Chalk River Test Site
\n<\/strong>https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/0\/#inbox\/FMfcgxwBVqTcgFKDrPqMMRzrdvQrptTp<\/a><\/p>\n

Terrestrial joins International Gen IV reactor team \u2013 May 13, 2019
\n<\/strong>https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/0\/#inbox\/FMfcgxwCgfwmPpNJxgMkXKJHMkDfZLrQ<\/a><\/p>\n

OPG joins Terrestrial\u2019s SMR work group \u2013 May 15, 2019<\/strong>.
\nhttps:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/0\/#inbox\/FMfcgxwCgfxwzpXcHlnjvBbvfRlBpxGd<\/a><\/p>\n

Video \u2013 Dr David Leblanc on molten salt reactor
\n<\/strong>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LERLuH7kWVs&feature=player_embedded_uturn<\/a><\/p>\n

Terrestrial Energy USA headed by experienced nuclear power executive \u2013 June 13, 2019
\n<\/strong>https:\/\/mail.google.com\/mail\/u\/0\/#inbox\/FMfcgxwChJdDqKmQlltMkSMLpQPBBmQg<\/a><\/p>\n

Terrestrial Energy in the Oil SANDS
\n<\/strong>https:\/\/albertanuclearnucleus.ca\/2019\/03\/27\/spotlight-terrestrial-energy-inc-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The following data from the International Energy Agency\u2019s Global Outlook 2018 shows that to reach a sustainable future, the global energy supply must shift from 80 per cent fossil fuels […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":72107,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2444,5],"tags":[26,647],"class_list":["post-72072","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","category-commentary","tag-breaking","tag-hugh-holland"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAddressing climate change: Emissions from oil and gas production ~ Hugh Holland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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