{"id":60985,"date":"2019-01-18T05:12:14","date_gmt":"2019-01-18T10:12:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/huntsville.dopperonline.ca\/?p=60985"},"modified":"2019-01-17T20:23:44","modified_gmt":"2019-01-18T01:23:44","slug":"the-more-women-in-government-the-healthier-a-population","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/doppleronline.ca\/huntsville\/the-more-women-in-government-the-healthier-a-population\/","title":{"rendered":"The more women in government, the healthier a population"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"double-bordered\"><em>Authors, <span class=\"fn author-name\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/edwin-ng-611715\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"author noopener\">Edwin Ng<\/a><\/span>, <\/span>Assistant Professor, School of Social Work, University of Waterloo and <span class=\"fn author-name\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/carles-muntaner-582341\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"author noopener\">Carles Muntaner<\/a><\/span>, <\/span>Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In November 2015, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau formed the first gender-balanced cabinet in Canadian history. In announcing his cabinet, he ensured that half of his closest advisers (15 out of a total of 30) were women.<\/p>\n<p>Canada\u2019s gender-equal cabinet vaulted the country from <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/archive.ipu.org\/pdf\/publications\/wmnmap15_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20th<\/a><\/span> to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/-\/media\/headquarters\/attachments\/sections\/library\/publications\/2017\/femmesenpolitique_2017_english_web.pdf?la=en&amp;vs=1123\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">ifth place in the world<\/span><\/a> in terms of percentage of women in ministerial positions.<\/p>\n<p>When reporters asked Trudeau about why gender parity was important to him, he retorted: \u201c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/news\/politics\/trudeaus-because-its-2015-retort-draws-international-cheers\/article27119856\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Because it\u2019s 2015<\/a><\/span>.\u201d His simple yet momentous response resonated with those committed to equity, diversity and inclusion.<\/p>\n<p>As public health researchers, this got us thinking \u2014 if increasing the number of women in positions of power promotes gender equity, could it also promote population health and well-being?<\/p>\n<p>Our findings, published recently in the journal <em>SSM &#8211; Population Health<\/em>, support the argument that yes, women in government do in fact advance population health.<\/p>\n<h2>More women in power, fewer deaths<\/h2>\n<p>We first dug into the research literature to see how male and female politicians might differ from each other. Compared to their male counterparts, female politicians are more likely to hold left-wing attitudes (with regard to issues such as civil rights, social equality and egalitarianism) <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1146\/annurev.polisci.11.053106.123839\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">and substantively advance women\u2019s rights<\/a><\/span> in areas such as pay equity, violence against women, health care and family policy.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n<div style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252956\/original\/file-20190108-32136-bn3960.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252956\/original\/file-20190108-32136-bn3960.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252956\/original\/file-20190108-32136-bn3960.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252956\/original\/file-20190108-32136-bn3960.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252956\/original\/file-20190108-32136-bn3960.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252956\/original\/file-20190108-32136-bn3960.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252956\/original\/file-20190108-32136-bn3960.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deb Haaland is one of two Native American women who marked historic congressional victories in November 2018 as a record number of women were elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. (AP Photo\/Juan Labreche)<\/p><\/div><figcaption><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Also, research has shown that <\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/opencommons.uconn.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=1010&amp;context=chip_docs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">women in government tend to work in more collaborative and bipartisan ways<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"> and employ a more democratic leadership style compared to men\u2019s more autocratic style. Women are also more effective at building coalitions and reaching consensus.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Next, we examined whether there\u2019s a historical association between women in government and population health among Canada\u2019s 10 provinces. Between 1976 and 2009, the percentage of women in provincial government increased six-fold from 4.2 per cent to 25.9 per cent, while mortality from all causes declined by 37.5 per cent (from 8.85 to 5.53 deaths per 1000 people).<\/p>\n<p>Using data from provincial election offices and Statistics Canada, we found that as the average percentage of women in government has historically risen, total mortality rates have declined.<\/p>\n<h2>Women spend more on health and education<\/h2>\n<p>This link does not of course mean that the increase of women in government has directly caused the decline in mortality.<\/p>\n<p>To assess this, we regressed mortality rates on women in government while controlling for several potential confounders. Our findings support the hypothesis that <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2018.08.003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">women in government do in fact advance population health<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n<div style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252952\/original\/file-20190108-32151-1u7coax.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252952\/original\/file-20190108-32151-1u7coax.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=518&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252952\/original\/file-20190108-32151-1u7coax.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=518&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252952\/original\/file-20190108-32151-1u7coax.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=518&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252952\/original\/file-20190108-32151-1u7coax.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=651&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252952\/original\/file-20190108-32151-1u7coax.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=651&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252952\/original\/file-20190108-32151-1u7coax.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=651&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"518\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">New Zealand\u2019s Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern addresses Parliament in Wellington, N.Z., in May 2018 while pregnant with her first child. Many hope the 37-year-old will become a role model for combining motherhood with political leadership.(AP Photo\/Nick Perry, File)<\/p><\/div><figcaption><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Interestingly, women in government in Canada have had a bigger effect on male mortality rates than on female rates (1.00 vs 0.44 deaths per 1,000 people).<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>We also found a pathway that connects women in government, population health and the potential role of partisan politics. In an earlier study, we found that <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2014-205385\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">four types of provincial government spending are predictive of lower mortality rates<\/a>:<\/span> medical care, preventive care, other social services and post-secondary education.<\/p>\n<p>When we tested government spending as a mediating factor, we found that women in government in Canada have reduced mortality rates by triggering these specific types of health-promoting expenditures.<\/p>\n<h2>Women work in more collaborative ways<\/h2>\n<p>We also found that there was no relationship between the political leanings of women in government \u2014 whether they belonged to left-wing, centrist or right-wing parties \u2014 and mortality rates.<\/p>\n<p>Ideological differences among social democratic (e.g., NDP), centrist (e.g., Liberal), and fiscal conservative (e.g., Conservative) political parties seem to be less important to mortality rates than increasing the actual number of women elected to government.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">\n<div style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252957\/original\/file-20190108-32121-5676ky.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252957\/original\/file-20190108-32121-5676ky.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=414&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252957\/original\/file-20190108-32121-5676ky.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=414&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252957\/original\/file-20190108-32121-5676ky.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=414&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252957\/original\/file-20190108-32121-5676ky.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=521&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252957\/original\/file-20190108-32121-5676ky.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=521&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/252957\/original\/file-20190108-32121-5676ky.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=521&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"414\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scotland\u2019s Prime Minister Nicola Sturgeon, left, walks with European Union Chief negotiator for Brexit Michel Barnier, prior to a meeting at EU headquarters in Brussels on Monday, May 28, 2018. (AP Photo\/Emmanuel Dunand, Pool Photo via AP)<\/p><\/div><figcaption><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This finding supports the idea that women in government tend to work in more collaborative and bipartisan ways than their male counterparts.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s now 2019 and leading public health scholars still tend to downplay the potential effects of political determinants such as gender politics on population health. Instead, they opt to focus almost exclusively on individual and social determinants of health.<\/p>\n<p>We believe gender politics matters in public health because it helps to determine \u201c<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.ca\/books\/about\/Politics.html?id=fP6BAAAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">who gets what, when and how<\/a>.<\/span>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>We believe that electing more women in government not only promotes gender equality and strengthens democratic institutions but also makes real and substantive contributions to government spending and population health.<\/p>\n<p>Given that women in government can bring about desirable changes in population health, let\u2019s figure out how we can genuinely level the political playing field for women.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">This article was originally published on <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation<\/a><\/span>. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-more-women-in-government-the-healthier-a-population-107075\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">original article<\/span>.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-52714 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/media-doppleronline-ca.s3-accelerate.amazonaws.com\/2018\/07\/The-Conversation-logo-300x24.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"24\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media-doppleronline-ca.s3-accelerate.amazonaws.com\/2018\/07\/The-Conversation-logo-300x24.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media-doppleronline-ca.s3-accelerate.amazonaws.com\/2018\/07\/The-Conversation-logo.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Don\u2019t miss out on Doppler! Sign up for our free newsletter <\/strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doppleronline.ca\/huntsville\/dont-miss-out-on-doppler\/\"><strong>here<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><broadstreet-zone zone-id=\"45657\" keywords=\"\" soft-keywords=\"true\" zone-alias=\"\"><\/broadstreet-zone><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Authors, Edwin Ng, Assistant Professor, School of Social Work, University of Waterloo and Carles Muntaner, Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto In November 2015, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":43640,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[26,2008],"class_list":["post-60985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commentary","tag-breaking","tag-women-in-politics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The more women in government, the healthier a population<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/doppleronline.ca\/huntsville\/the-more-women-in-government-the-healthier-a-population\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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